Jonathan Kozol - The Children of Mott Haven free essay sample

An in-depth look at the lives of the children in Mott Haven, in the South Bronx as seen by Jonathon Kozol. In this paper the author begins by making a direct comparison to the American Hymn, Amazing Grace, and Jonathan Kozols profoundly disturbing profile of the lives of the children of Mott Haven, in the South Bronx. The author moves on to examine Kozols book in depth and his findings regarding the children of the South Bronx. He concludes by comparing the Children of Plenty with what he regards as the throwaways, the children who he considers have nothing and no future. From the paper: Like children everywhere, they vacillate between child-like innocence and alarmingly grown-up insights; but this is not the suburban version of growing up too fast; they have seen junkies shooting up in the hallways of their buildings, gang members bagging dope and loading guns on the fire escape. We will write a custom essay sample on Jonathan Kozol The Children of Mott Haven or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Death is accepted as the passage to a better place.

Welfare System Reform †Government (300 Level Course)

Welfare System Reform – Government (300 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Welfare System Reform Government (300 Level Course) While the welfare system may be costly to taxpayers, it gives many youths an opportunity to overcome their predestined poverty. Welfare punishes any child that is born into it. The Republican’s proposal seeks to change the Welfare program, if passed; it would effect the lives of the youth from poverty stricken families. From a governmental standpoint, it should not be their responsibility to support illegitimate children with welfare checks. This dilemma deals mainly with sexual conduct presently practiced. Robert L. Woodson, Sr., writes that welfare and the majority of the issues in the United States today, â€Å"[A]re matters of behavior, the results of choices made in the absence of a clear set of guiding values†(19). Marge Roukema, a Republican Congresswoman from New Jersey, continues, â€Å"We need welfare reform based on the notion of individual responsibility†(320). By supplying single mothers with welfare checks, the government is acknowledging that illegitimate children are fine and that the will provide for these kids. Charles Krauthammer states, â€Å"[T]he only realistic way to attack this cycle of illegitimacy and its associated pathologies is by cutting off the oxygen that sustains the system. Stop the welfare checks†(101). This solution would place the responsibility of providing for the child directly on the mother and father. Krauthammer continues, â€Å"Taking [welfare checks] away is the single most immediate and direct measure that government can take to break the cycle of illegitimacy and dependency†(102). Some states have instituted a family cap. La Donna A. Pavetti writes, â€Å"Under the cap a woman already receiving welfare will not receive additional financial help if she gives birth to another child†(3). This will allow the government to control who should and should not receive the benefits. The family cap presently exists in various forms in 22 states. Lucie White describes the goal of welfare reform, â€Å"[T]o provide strong incentives for recipient families to become self-sufficient, producing all of their income through waged work alone†(120). This view sees reform as a way to help participants of the welfare program to become self-supporting. Welfare Reform would stop wages to all families after five years; this may consequently destroy family life for some people. Mimi Abramovitz writes, â€Å"Welfare critics sat AFDC causes families to break up because the program for single parents sometimes leads men to move out so their families can survive†(36-37). This plan would cut childcare funding, which is a necessity to those individuals who are trying to get a job. William J. Coyne, a Democratic Congressman from Pennsylvania, states, â€Å"The legislation will result in America’s poor children being left alone†(323). Walter Shapiro continues, â€Å"Taking somebody who wasn’t a worker and turning them into a steady worker takes time†(12). Employment, another issue in the Welfare debate, also designates the victims as the children. The Republican proposal seeks that any able worker must work in order to receive their benefits. George E. Brown, Jr., a Democratic Congressman from California, writes, â€Å"There are many on public assistance who work hard every day for wages that are simply too low to allow them to rise above the poverty level†(324). The Reform plan would require that 50 percent of the people on Welfare must be working. It is a tough task for people to afford apt housing, if they live below the poverty level. The Center for Budget Policy Priorities conducted a survey, that concluded, â€Å"60 percent of poor renter households spend over half their income on housing†(3). The money, which the people earn from working, won’t even allow them to pay for suitable childcare. Consequently, the bill will prevent mothers from seeking jobs. The proposal will â€Å"cut Federal funds,† according to Congressman Coyne, â€Å"for child care by 25 percent in the year 2000. This means that over 400,000 fewer children will receive Federal childcare assistance. Pennsylvania alone will lose $25.7 million in Federal care assistance funding by the year 2000. That means that over 15,000 children in Pennsylvania will be denied Federal assistance for safe childcare†(323). Welfare Reform may prevent a person from rising above one’s financial troubles. The bill will allow each state to cease benefits to a family after two years. Also it will require the state to stop funding after five years. Therefore after five years, participants will not receive any benefits and be forced to find a job in the working world, a place unfamiliar to them. Maxine Waters, a Democratic Congresswoman from California, explains, â€Å"We are talking about people, some of whom were born into situations through no choice of their own that keeps them locked into the cycle of poverty, and there have been no real guidelines, rules by which they can get out of the cycle of poverty†(327). Children will be effected the most by a parent, whose benefits have been terminated. George J. Duncan writes, â€Å"New restrictions will increase the number of extremely poor families and put the very youngest children at risk†(67). While cutting welfare to mothers with illegitimate children may seem fair to taxpayers; it is denying underprivileged youths a chance to improve their economic status. The children are not the ones to blame; yet they are the ones punished. Teresa McCrary, a welfare mom, states, â€Å"[M]otherhood is a career in itself†(103). A mother has a responsibility to care for her child, yet cutting off her welfare would force her to find a job. Taking a job would conflict with her responsibility to her child. McCrary writes, â€Å"Minimum wage will not pay for housing costs, health care, child care, transportation and work clothes that an untrained uneducated woman needs to support even one child†(103). The future for welfare for single mothers is in jeopardy. Mothers on welfare want to get off, but there are not many options for them. David Zucchino describes the situation of a welfare mother named Elaine, â€Å"She needed to be there for them. They didn’t nee d a baby-sitter, she thought. They needed their mother†(30). Another problem that faces single mothers is child support. Geraldine Jensen states, â€Å"Nonpayment of child support is a crime that causes poverty in America. Certainly with welfare reform children are going to be even more at risk†(5). Robert Scheer explains, â€Å"Perhaps the Republicans will create jobs by lowering the minimum wage. But jobs or no jobs, the Republicans plan to kick the poor off welfare after two years†(111). The Welfare program was set up to help those families who need financial assistance. It was not created for people to depend on it. The Republican’s proposal would cut off benefits to those parents who truly need it. While cutting off welfare to single mothers may be an issue to taxpayers, many feel that the real issue is the innocent children that are punished as a result. Abramovitz, Mimi. Under Attack, Fighting Back: Women and Welfare in the United States. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1996. Archer, Bill, Hon., Marge Roukema, Hon., and Michael Collins, Hon. â€Å"Welfare Reform: Pro.† Reading and Writing Across the Curriculum. Ed. Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen. New York: Longman, 1997. 317-22. Center for Budget Policy Priorities. â€Å"Crisis in Low-Income Rental Housing.† America 4 July 1998: 3. Coyne, William J., Hon., George E. Brown, Hon., and Maxine Waters. â€Å"Welfare Reform: Con.† Reading and Writing Across the Curriculum. Ed. Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen. New York: Longman, 1997. 323-27. Duncan, Greg, J. â€Å"Welfare’s New Rules: A Pox on Children.† Issues in Science and Technology Winter 1997-98: 67-72. Jensen, Geraldine. â€Å"Deadbeat Parents Leave Kids in Poverty.† USA Today 22 April 1999: A5. Krauthammer, Charles. â€Å"Subsidized Illegitimacy.† Reading and Writing Across the Curriculum. Ed. Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen. New York: Longman, 1997. 101-3. McCrary, Teresa. â€Å"Getting Off the Welfare Carousel.† Reading and Writing Across the Curriculum. Ed. Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen. New York: Longman, 1997. 103-5. Pavetti, La Donna A. â€Å"Welfare Reform’s Darker Side.† America 19 September 1998: 3. Scheer, Robert. â€Å"Newt’s Welfare: Think of It as a Homeless Drill.† Reading and Writing Across the Curriculum. Ed. Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen. New York: Longman, 1997. 109-11. Shapiro, Walter. â€Å"Turning Welfare Into Work: Do This Job Right.† USA Today 17 May 1996: A12. Woodson, Robert L., Sr. â€Å"Government Can’t Cure Poverty.† USA Today 7 Jan. 1998: A18-19. White, Lucie, ed. and Joel F. Handler, ed. Hard Labor: Women and Work in the Post-Welfare Era. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1999. Zucchino, David. Myth of the Welfare Queen. New York: Scribner, 1997. Research Papers on Welfare System Reform - Government (300 Level Course)The Effects of Illegal ImmigrationComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesHip-Hop is ArtTwilight of the UAWBringing Democracy to Africa19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraStandardized Testing

Assessment of different leadership styles within organisations and Essay

Assessment of different leadership styles within organisations and their effectiveness - Essay Example Richard Branson is a founder and chairman of Virgin Group which owns and controls more than 400 companies. His leadership style is mostly based upon valuing people and taking care of their needs in order to drive their energy, innovation and creativity towards the achievement of organization goals. Richard Reed founded Innocent Drinks and his leadership style is more towards focusing on core competencies of the firm and leveraging the same through the people of the organization. This paper will discuss and explore the leadership styles of all three corporate leaders and will argue as to how much they are effective. Jack Welch and his Leadership Style Jack Welch is a Chemical Engineer and was also the CEO and Chairman of General Electric Corporation. His tenure from 1981 to 2001 saw a tremendous improvement in the performance of GE as company’s share rose in value by 4000%. He joined GE as a junior executive and rose to different places before being CEO of the firm in 1981. One of his earlier attempts to bring in reforms and improvements in GE was his vision to make GE as no.1 or no.2 in each industry it works. He started the aggressive consolidation at the firm and also initiated a process of simplification. His strategies led to the gradual improvement at GE as he focused more upon developing and maintaining core competencies of the firm. His style therefore was mainly focused upon having extensive focus on what GE does best and further improving the processes in order to be at the desired position within the industry in which GE operated. He started to streamline and reduce the inventories held by the firm and also made drastic changes in the fundamental structure of the firm. Since he worked at various junior positions therefore had a good experience of how bureaucratic organizational structure was hurting GE. As a CEO, one of his earliest attempts therefore were focused upon removing the bureaucratic organizational structure within the organization a nd make it more open organization with simplified organizational structure at various levels of organization. (Cunningham, 2006) Jack Welch can be considered as a democratic leader as he initiated changes which allowed followers to assume the position of leaders also. He was more oriented towards leading rather than managing and created a vision within the organization which fostered leadership at all levels. Democratic leaders always believe in social equality and tend to reward those who come up with more innovative and leadership ideas aimed at improving the overall well-being of all the stakeholders involved in the organization. His focus was on development of enough energy for followers to get them motivated and passionate about their work. This has resulted into more motivated teams and employees and enhanced group morale for the team as a whole.( Wilson, 2002 It is also important to understand that Welch focused on bringing in more functional leadership within the organizatio n. His focus was on removing the unnecessary parts of the organization and focus on those areas where it can perform best. This

Try to pick something thats not boring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Try to pick something thats not boring - Essay Example Every parent of every American child is responsible for the health and well being of their child so they need to be actively inculcating and encouraging a momentum towards a healthy lifestyle and healthy eating habits within and outside the home. Doctors, scientists and health promoters expound advice telling us that although obesity can sometimes be caused by physiological factors, such as genetics, hormonal problems or slow metabolism, it is more commonly caused by poor diet. We are told that obesity is the result of eating more calories than necessary and indulging in a diet high in saturated fats and sugars, or leading an inactive life, or both; it increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes and strokes, as well as other emotional and psychological problems. Without doubt however, obesity is growing rapidly in the United States in adults and children. The First Lady’s Move to Schools campaign is a step in the right direction, and the â€Å"project is a small piece of the big picture† (Sweet, 2010) but the problem of obesity is multifaceted and the solution cannot rest on government campaigns, Acts or Legislations; the problem requires cooperation and action from everybody, including schools, health providers, food industries and most importantly the American public themselves. Governments and other stakeholders can advise, promote and assist in promoting healthy lifestyles but the reality is that it is up to the individual to make choices and it is up to the parents to make the right choices for their children. Obesity may be caused by wrong diet but we also need to consider other factors that impact on the issue; factors like the environment which in itself promotes a more sedentary lifestyle than in the past with more public transport options, more convenience stores, inadequate security in parks, unsafe walking areas and poor

Structure and Agency in Revolutionary Theory Essay

Structure and Agency in Revolutionary Theory - Essay Example The school of culture and agency is based on the premise that repeated conditioning of individuals through their culture patterns human behaviour. Agency forwards the notion that human behaviour is determined by free will that charts the way for independent action and free will in making choices. Revolutions are occurrences in governance that result to a change in leadership, which is achieved through various means. Numerous schools of thought have been forwarded in an attempt to explain and the understanding of the making and the instigators of revolutions. This paper seeks to highlight the debate between structural theorists and the culture and agency school to the 1906 constitutional revolution in Iran. The 1906 constitutional revolution in Iran was instigated by the Shah’s extravagance, which led to the exploitation and destruction of the nation’s economy (Poulson 104). Teheran was the seat of Persian power and majority of the population was composed of merchants, noble classes, religious authorities and the educated elite who felt and understood the consequences of the Shah’s extravagance (Poulson 106). They were the main instigators of the revolution that called for the removal of the chancellor who was to blame for the dire economic situation. After the removal of the chancellor the Shah did not change his extravagant ways and the same group campaigned and advocated for the establishment of an institution would rule by law instead of royal and foreign influence. In the context of this discussion, the 1906 revolution in Iran can be viewed from both perspectives that are presented by structural theorists and the culture and agency school of thought. This is b ecause according to Skocpol, there are always structural forces that underlie the uprising of a revolution. Persia was facing an economic meltdown under the leadership of the Shah, which means the societal structure was under threat (Geels 32). This is in the

Tourist Data In Himachal: An analysis

Tourist Data In Himachal: An analysis Himachal Pradesh is one of Indias best tourist attraction regions, with its green valleys, snow covered Himalayan ranges and unique beauty, it is indeed a comfortable place for tourists. The region has a rich cultural heritage that attracts thousands of tourists each year. The outer fringe of Himachal is formed by the Shiwalik hills, which are characterized by shallow valleys and dense scrub forests. The mid ranges have the majestic Himalayan cedar and the spruces followed by alpine meadows that intersperse themselves with the snow clad peaks of the Greater Himalaya.(tourism policy 2005) The variances in climate and forest cover in Himachal make it attractive in different seasons of the year. The region also has a varied topography with beautiful flora and fauna. According to tourism policy 2005, Himachal has 32 sanctuaries, that is; Simbalwara (Sirmour), Churdhar, Chail (Solan), Maharana Pratap Sagar (Kangra) Manali (Kullu), Kanwar (Kullu), Kalatop Khajjiar (Chamba) and Daranghati (Shimla)., 2 national parks, Pin Valley National Park, Spiti and the Great Himalayan National Park, Kullu; and 3 game reserves, Kufri (Shimla), Manali (Kullu) and Gopalpur (Kangra). There has been an increasing number of tourist visits to Himachal since the 90s to date. Lahaul-Spiti and Kinnaur districts have emerged as the most common destinations. Table 1. Below shows the increasing rate of tourist visits in the region. Visitors come from different nations all over the world, some of which are; United Kingdom, United States of America, France, Germany, Canada, and Malaysia. There are also domestic visitors that have been recorded and the ratios predict that there are more domestic visitors as compared to foreign visitors. The trend of tourists visits follows the climate seasons of Himachal, the seasons in Himachal are not different from those of the whole India, India has quarterly climatic seasons, occurring every three months in a year. The first quarter is snowing and stormy, the second quarter is dusty because of the sun, it is a dry season, the third is the rainy season and the fourth is just fine weather. The tourist season normally begins in the snowfall and the numbers escalate in the summer. More Data on Tourists Visits to Himachal Number of domestic tourists between 2003 and 2004 was 5 million [HT May 2004] Number of foreign tourists between 2003 and 2004 was 15,000 Total Number of tourists in 2007 was 720,000 [CNEI Jan 2007] Increase of foreign tourist inflow from 2005 to 2006 was 20% Target for foreign tourist inflow from 2006 to 2007 was 18% Table3: Tourist Visitation to Himachal YEAR(Monthly visitors) DOMESTIC FOREIGN 2001 521,866 8,171 2003 673,914 8,501 Source: Hindu times 16th May 2004 In 2003 the average population in Kulu Valley found in Himachal during summer was 50,000; the number of foreign visitor to the Kulu valley is 35,000 annually. The number of visitors to Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh during the peak season can go up to 10,000 daily. Governments Involvement in Tourism In 2005 the government came up with a policy to improve tourism in Himachal and other areas and below are the objectives of the policy; (1) To establish Himachal Pradesh as a leading tourist destination in the country and abroad; (2) To make tourism a prime engine for economic development and prosperity of the State and as a major means for providing employment; (3) To encourage a strong and sustainable private sector participation in creation of tourism infrastructure especially through public private partnerships; (4) To promote sustainable tourism, which is not only environmentally compatible but also leads to economic betterment of the rural people; (5) To attract quality tourists and to increase their stay in the State; (6)To safeguard the States natural and manmade heritage; (7) To encourage civil societies non-governmental organizations for promotion the conducting of tourism related activities; (8) To position Himachal Pradesh as a one stop destination for adventure tourism; The Tourism Department proposes to work actively with the Wild life Wing of the Forest Department to further develop and improve wild life parks/zoos, bird watching towers and other public utility services for the facility of the tourists. The government plans to set up a reasonable fee for the maintenance of the parks. The state government together with the central government is also planning to make some efforts in developing the unexplored destinations to improve the sanitation, the accommodation, the parking, the roads, toilets, beautification and land scaping of areas that are of interest to the tourists. According to the government efforts will be made to keep these areas clean. And in the area of construction there is a plan to limit construction so as to control the population and hence reduce congestion in these new areas, the construction that is to be accepted is supposed to preserve the architecture and ecology of the state. The government is concerned with preserving the cultural uniqueness of tourist areas so as to maintain the tourist visitations. By focusing on quality tourists the State Government also aims at promoting sustainable tourism and encouraging the private sector to develop tourism related infrastructure in the State without disturbing the existing ecology and environment.(India tourism Policy 2005) To promote tourism in the countryside and to lesser-known areas, appropriate infrastructure will be developed within available resources. Himachal was earlier known only for the summer season. Efforts are being made to break the seasonality factor and tourism products have been diversified to attract the tourists in other seasons too. Involvement of Other Local and National Authorities in Hospitality According to the tourism policy, the private sector will continue to be encouraged to set up guest houses for which subsidy will be provided from the State budget. Tented accommodation will be encouraged with local participation so that maximum benefits accrue to the local economy. The government has also set up tourism councils under the Tourism Act 2000 in the tourist attraction areas so that some fee is charged from the trekkers and tourists the proceeds of which will go to the locals for the maintenance and upkeep of the tourism related infrastructure and for regulating tourism on sustainable basis. To Improve on Transport The Manali Leh route which has already become a favorite for both domestic as well as international tourists will be further improved in coordination with the Government of J K and efforts would be made to link it to the Buddhist Circuits of Shimla Kinnaur- Spiti Udaipur -Pangi and Palampur -Dharamshala Dalhousie. Economic Implication of Tourism in India and Himachal in Particular Tourism is a key sector in Indias economy. It is presently Indias third largest foreign exchange earner after garments, and gems and jewellery. The best way in which the tourism industry is helping in income generation is through generating employment opportunities to the locals, hence improving their life styles. Many women and youths have gotten jobs in hotels, travel agencies, airline services, making art pieces and other cultural activities. Tourism also offers potential for utilizing natural resources like landscapes, rivers, beaches, mountains and others for the economic benefit of the population. The tourism industry employs more than 3% of the total Indian labor force while about 23 million persons derive their livelihood from tourism indirectly. So many new jobs are being created as the sector grows and because of this it is clear that tourism has become a very important sector in the Indian economy. The economic contribution of tourism income to state revenue is around 5 billion Rs annually. (Hindu times 12th May 2004) which is 8%, the tourism Policy of 2005 proposes to increase it to 15% by the year 2020 and the contribution of tourism to Himachal Pradeshs state domestic product is 2%. The Hospitality State of Himachal; By 2003 Himachal had 53 hotels, having 963 rooms and 2,052 beds; there were 60 restaurants and cafes, 25 luxury coaches, 1 Tata Sumo. These are all HPTDC (Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation) tourist facilities. News has it that some of these facilities have been privatized and others are also up for the same. Himachal Pradesh has 1,512 hotels that have been registered by the tourism department and these have a bed capacity of 32,302. In Manali there are 14,000 registered hotel beds. More Data on Hotels Hotels in Shimla Shimla being the capital city of Himachal Pradesh is always frequented by visitors either on official duty or for holidaying. Shimla boasts of a few heritage hotels in addition to luxury and comfort hotels. Hotel Woodville Palace is a premier heritage hotel has 31 rooms, Hotel Springfields is spread over 4 acres of land but only has 11 rooms. Guests checking into this heritage hotel experience a wonderful blend of old world charm and modern facilities; it is a hotel for high class tourists. Another hotel is the Cecil belonging to the Oberoi group, is a deluxe luxury hotel having 79 aesthetically designed elegant rooms. The other hotels in Shimla include Hotel Span Resort, Hotel Snowcrest Manor, Hotel Ashok, Hotel Banon Reosrt, Ram Regency Honeymoon Inn, Hotel Devlok, and Manali Inn. The Regent Center Point and Apple Valley Resort. Five Star Hotels in Shimla There are three major five star hotels in Shimla. Those are Radisson Shimla, Hotel Windflower Hall and Shilon Resort. These 5 star hotels offer excellent accommodation facilities and are highly preferred by visitors. Four Star Hotels in Shimla There are three major four star hotels in Shimla. Those are Hotel Asia The Dawn, Hotel Quality Inn Himdev and Hotel Pineview. These hotels are well known for the facilities offered by them and are highly favored by visitors too. Three Star Hotels in Shimla The three star hotels in Shimla are well known for providing visitors with good facilities at reasonable prices. The three star hotels in Shimla are Hotel Ashiana Regency, East Bourne Resort, Baljees Regency, Hotel Combermere, Fair Mount Shimla and, Himanis Premium Shimla. Heritage Hotels in Shimla The heritage hotels in Shimla are normally buildings with historical importance or are old buildings. The leading heritage hotels in Shimla are Chapslee Palace, Hotel Oberoi Shimla, Clarkes Hotel, Woodville Palace Resorts and Hotel Springfields. Luxury Hotels in Shimla There is a wide range of luxury hotels in Shimla. Those are The Cecil (Oberoi Group),Shimla, Radisson Jass Hotel , Shimla, Wildflower (Oberoi Group), Mashobra, Hotel Willow Banks, ( The Mall ) Shimla, Woodville Palace, Shimla, Hotel Combermere, Shimla and The Destination, Kalka-Shimla Highway, near Kandaghat. Deluxe Hotels in Shimla There are a lot of deluxe hotels in Shimla. Those are Woodpark hotel, (near Kufri), Shimla, Hotel Silverine, Shimla, Ashiana Regency, Shimla, Brightland Hotel, Shimla, Hotel Baljees Regency, Shimla, Hotel Himdev, Shimla, Hotel Surya, Shimla, Hotel Leela Regency, Shimla and, Honeymoon Inn, Shimla. Standard Hotels in Shimla There are eight major standard hotels in Shimla. Those are Hotel Victory, Shimla, Hotel Shingar, Shimla, Hotel De Park, Shimla, Sukh Sagar Resort, Shimla, Hotel Himland West, Shimla, Hotel Blossom, Shimla, WILDSIDE- Eco Retreat Campsite, Shimla and Cedar Heights Resort, Shimla. Budget Hotels in Shimla The budget hotels in Shimla are for those who want good facilities at lesser costs. There are five major budget hotels in Shimla. Those are Galleu Resort, Shimla, Hotel Mayur, Shimla, Park Woods Resort, Shimla, Hotel Dreamland, Shimla, and Hotel Taj Palace, Shimla. This is where most of the domestic visitors with a relatively low but not so low standard of life spend their nights when they visit Himachal. Banjara Camps and Retreats in Shimla There are 5 major banjara camps and retreats in the vicinity of Shimla. Those are Sangla Valley, Himachal, Mori Retreat, Shimla, Thanedar Retreat, Shimla, Sarahan Retreat and Shoja Retreat, Shimla. Resorts in Shimla There are a couple of resorts in Shimla that are well known for the superb facilities offered by them. The major resorts in Shimla are Snow King Retreat, Whistling Pine Resorts and The Chalets Naldehra. Hotels in Kullu Manali Kullu Manali is among the most visited hill stations not only in Himachal Pradesh but also in India. A few of the notable hotels in Kullu Manali include Hotel Span Resort on the River Beas banks, Hotel Snowcrest Manor, Hotel Banon Resort, Ram Regency Honeymoon Inn, Sagar Resorts, and Manali Inn. The other noteworthy hotels in this north Indian hilly state are Hotel Grand View in Dalhousie, Hotel Hill Top in Chamba, Hotel Aupam Resort in Dharmsala, Hotel Taragarh Palace in Taragarh, and the Judges Court in Kangra. About Transport in Himachal Because of shortage of vehicles in Himachal, there are many other vehicles from out of Manali that are used for tourist activities, the number of vehicles entering Manali on a daily basis are over 1,000 during the peak season. The number of vehicles heading to Rohtang Pass during the peak season can go over 2,000 vehicles daily. During the peak season, many vehicles come to these tourist areas causing a lot of traffic jam and therefore discomfort to the tourists, the traffic jam can go on for about two hours or so, which is time consuming on the side of the site seers. This is also attributed to the size and number of roads which seems less as compared to the number of visitors trafficking Himachal Pradesh for tourism. Also because of development purposes the towns are under construction, for example in Shimla, the roads have had several disturbances because of the electricity boards that have been digging from time to time and not only them but also the telecommunications people as well as the road constructors. Traffic is not only experienced by the vehicle owners but also the increasing number of pedestrians is becoming a problem in this tourist area, the malls and shopping are no longer as attractive because of the masses that crowd the places, dropping all sorts of waste papers, waste bottles making the place so hard to maintain, the government has been trying to find ways of improving the situation but there is still a lot of work to be done in order to ensure that the environment is taken care of. Because of the different developments the forest areas of Shimla have not survived the saw and many trees have been lost in the process. The rise in population has led to increased air pollution in the area; the mountainous areas are no longer as clean and attractive as they used to be. The pollution levels goes to the peak during the winter season because of the heating machines which use coal and others wood, releasing a lot of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere, and it reduces in the rain y season. The pollution is also increasing because of the vehicles that use fuel for their running, the exhaust into the atmosphere is increasing day by day and it is worse during the peak tourist seasons, burning garbage is another factor leading to increased pollution. Below is a SWOT analysis that has been carried out on Himachal Tourism SWOT refers to Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats According to the tourism policy of 2005 the STRENGTHS are: Himachal is one of the rare places in the world offering five distinct seasons, thus having potential to attract tourist inflow round the year; It is both politically and socially stable. India is Recognized as a peaceful and hospitable State; The climate is healthy. It is a pollution free environment; Offers a rare conglomerate of eco-tourism, pilgrimage, adventure, culture, heritage, leisure, wilderness etc.; Fairly good infrastructure; High literacy; Rich history and heritage that has something to offer to all. Its Buddhist monasteries, which are of thousand years of old, ancient temples, churches and cemeteries; Special package of incentives for setting up of tourism units; Strong political will to promote tourism; WEAKNESSES: Negligible air and rail link in the State; Inadequate flow of foreign tourists; Non-disbursal of tourists round the year, putting severe strains on civic infrastructure during the peak season; Lack of trained tourist guides at important tourist places and historical tourist sites; Saturation at the established tourists destinations; No new major tourists destination has come up recently; Lack of adequate parking places at important tourist places; Poor marketing of the State abroad and inadequate marketing within the country; Very little budget; Problem of land acquisition; Problem of conversion of forest land. OPPORTUNITIES: Strong potential for activity based tourism such as white water rafting, Para-gliding, trekking, mountaineering, water sports, mountain biking, Car Rallies etc.; A strong base for heritage tourism to attract persons from all walks of society and religious beliefs; To develop an ideal destination for nature lovers by promoting eco-tourism; Create synergy between heritage and pilgrimage tourism; Development of wetlands of the State to attract nature lovers especially bird watchers; Promote the State as an open university and learning centre in mythology, anthropology and ornithology etc.; Position it as an ideal destination for the film industry; Himachal has something to offer to persons of all ages, groups, beliefs and interests. There is unlimited scope for development of varied tourist packages; Himachal can become one of the leading adventure destinations in the world; Promote wilderness tourism for lovers and seekers of nature, peace and quiet. Create new destinations in yet unexplored but beautiful areas. This would also ease the burden on established tourist destinations. THREATS: Tremendous strain leading to collapse, at times, of civic amenities at leading tourist destinations during the season; Haphazard growth construction threatening the environment, especially at the leading tourist destinations; An alarming growth of concrete structures creating a disharmony with the local environment; Unscrupulous commercialization of tourism could erode the social and cultural values; Aggressive competition amongst the leading tourists States and a strong promotion of tourism by other States; Lack of coordinated strategy by the different Government Departments; A large increase in volume and limited increase in value; Poor garbage/ waste disposal posing threat to the environment. Discussion and Analysis of Data Quantitative Analysis According to the data above, the number of tourists coming to India and to Himachal Pradesh in particular increases every year, on average the number increases by 10,000 tourists annually, this has an implication that the income generation of the nation through ecotourism in Himachal Pradesh is also increasing annually. This large increase would therefore call for an increase in the number of hotels and transport facilities in the tourist areas. The 53 hotels and 60 restaurants in 2003 cannot be counted sufficient to hold the increasing number of tourists, the number of hotels and restaurants are also supposed to be increasing at the same rate as the number of tourists. Looking at the government plans in the data above, there is hope that more hotels, restaurants and transport facilities will be put in place but there is also a challenge of space and environmental conservation which have to be considered while thinking of increasing the number of hotels and other facilities. In reality it is hardly impossible to consider increasing facilities depending on the number of tourists because according to the data above tourists will continue increasing and therefore if buildings are to increase depending on tourist numbers then there will come a time when the government will have to encroach on the natural resources space to meet accommodation needs, if this ever happens that means the whole sense of tourist attraction wont have meaning because there will be very little left in terms of scenery to attract tourists. The SWOT analysis above shows that the government is so aware of the potential that is within the tourist attraction areas and therefore knowing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats it is easy to know where to invest much. But the challenge comes in on the national budget, despite the fact that the above data tells us that tourism industry contributes 8% to the state revenue, the government analysis shows that the industry has a limited budget, and that is why development is becoming so hard. This shows some contradiction, the contribution of the tourism industry to the national revenue is enough to develop the tourism industry and therefore there should not be a shortage in terms of budget since the industry can run on its own. According to the data, there are more domestic tourists visiting Himachal as compared to foreign tourists, any nation would prefer to have more foreign than domestic tourists, for the case of Himachal the reasons have been explained in the data that there is a shortage in the airline services and of course accommodation as well, government has realized this need and has come up with ways of increasing availability of air transport for the tourists which is good, all this has been stated in the policy above. Qualitative Analysis To start with the point of increasing the available airlines and air crafts in order to allow more tourists to visit Himachal, this is a bright idea on the part of the government, and the data depicts a gap by not clearly explaining how the government plans to do all this without degrading the environment of the area and therefore without disturbing the eco system, there is an obvious challenge here which the government and local authorities need to address and integrate in their planning. According to the above data, the government is fully involved in developing ecotourism and data shows that the government is ready to work hand in hand with the local and national authorities in improving the hospitality sector, something which is really encouraging. The SWOT analysis shows that one of the strengths of Himachal is that the environment is pollution free, as the number of tourists increase in Himachal this strength is turning into a weakness and a threat at the same time, pollution is increasing at a high rate as some part of the secondary data is showing us that the more the people, the more garbage, the more fuel use and therefore combustion activities are increasing which cause greenhouse gas emission in the environment, there is need for the government to think highly on this. Some of the threats spelled out by the SWOT analysis can be controlled by the authorities for example the alarming growth of concrete structures leading to destruction of the environment, the authorities can think of an alternative to concrete structures and as for the threat of haphazard growth and construction also threatening the environment, there is need to restructure the tourist areas and come up with infrastructure standards to be followed by the local and national authorities who are dealing with hospitality. According to the data on hotels in Himachal, the luxury hotels are very few in number, with the governments aim of increasing quality tourists, tourists who know and appreciate the environment, tourists who come with the aim of not only enjoying nature but also getting educated through nature, there calls for increase of the number of luxurious hotels in the area because such would prefer to spend their time in a more comfortable place. In this case the local authorities have to work hand in hand with the government because such developments need a lot of land and funds.

Education †Africa Essay

Introduction In this essay I will discuss all the situational factors that formed the basis of the reforms during the era of education reform from 1976-1994 in South Africa. The essay will critically discuss factors in detail regarding pre 1994 education. I will then give a conclusion on all the factors that influenced the educational reforms. The Soweto uprising in 1979 In 1979 there was a huge riot against the education act. The riot was about creating equal learning opportunities for everybody, black and coloured people rioted in the streets of Johannesburg because they were tired of being oppressed. While this was going on teachers lost the will to teach and learners lost the will to learn. Erosion of the culture of learning and teaching (C. O. L. T) Schools were closed, destroyed and sometimes even burnt down because of the inequalities of learning during this era. This made it very hard for students of â€Å"colour† to learn. Thus putting education for people of â€Å"colour† in a deep crisis. Students were upset with three major issues: the standard of education, the quality of teaching and finally the poor state of school buildings and equipment. These three issues made students not want to attend school and was a main cause to the Soweto uprising in 1976. The De Lange commission The De Lange commission was introduced in order to create a better education system, for example creating equal education opportunities for everybody. These were some of their suggestions: education must improve quality of life, must promote economic growth and education should be equal and available to every student regardless of their colour. The De Lange commission was considered by the HSRC and eleven points from the commission were put into place. The 1994 democratic elections In 1994 the first democratic elections took place, this is the first time that everybody was seen as equal, with equal rights and learning opportunities. People were also given the freedom to pick which languages they wanted to learn in, as well as have a choice on subjects they learnt. People were also given freedom of choice in other areas not only education and some of these choices are: freedom to vote, freedom to live where they want, freedom to marry between races and International sanctions, against South Africa, in sport and economics were lifted. Differences in schooling between the four different race groups Along almost any dimension of comparison, there have been, and are glaring inequalities between the four schooling systems in South Africa. This applies to teacher qualifications, teacher-pupil ratios, per capita funding, buildings, equipment, facilities, books, stationery and also to ‘results’ measured in terms of the proportions and levels of certificates awarded. Along these dimensions, â€Å"White’ schools are far better off than any of the others, and ‘Indian’ and ‘Coloured’ schools are better off than those for ‘Africans’. Schooling is compulsory for ‘Whites’, ‘Indians’ and ‘Coloureds’ but not for ‘Africans’. Which created unequal opportunities when it came to job opportunities. Curriculum during the apartheid era Curriculum development in South African education during the period of apartheid was controlled tightly from the centre. While theoretically, at least, each separate department had its own curriculum development and protocols, in reality curriculum formation in South Africa was dominated by committees attached to the white House of Assembly. So prescriptive was this system, controlled on the one hand by a network of inspectors and subject advisors and on the other hand by several generations of poorly qualified teachers, that had authority, controlled learning, and corporal punishment were the rule. These conditions were exacerbated in the impoverished environments of schools for children of colour. Examination criteria and procedures were instrumental in promoting the political perspectives of those in power and allowed teachers very little latitude to determine standards or to interpret the work of their students. The Bantu education act  The Bantu Education Act (No. 47) of 1953 widened the gaps in educational opportunities for different racial groups. The concept of racial â€Å"purity,† in particular, provided a rationalization for keeping black education inferior. Verwoerd, then minister of native affairs, said black Africans â€Å"should be educated for their opportunities in life,† and that there was no place for them â€Å"above the level of certain forms of labour. † The government also tightened its control over religious high schools by eliminating almost all financial aid, forcing many churches to sell their schools to the government or close them entirely. Christian national education(C. N. E) Christian National Education supported the NP program of apartheid by calling on educators to reinforce cultural diversity and to rely on â€Å"mother-tongue† instruction in the first years of primary school. This philosophy also exposed the idea that a person’s social responsibilities and political opportunities are defined by that person’s ethnic identity. The government also gave strong management control to the school boards, who were elected by the parents in each district. Official attitudes toward African education were paternalistic, based on segregation. Black education was not supposed to drain government resources away from white education. The number of schools for blacks increased during the 1960s, but their curriculum was designed to prepare children for menial jobs. Per-capita government spending on black education slipped to one-tenth of spending on whites in the 1970s. Black schools had inferior facilities, teachers, and textbooks. Conclusion In conclusion to the above essay there were many problems such as; Christian national education(C.N. E), The Bantu education act, Curriculum during the apartheid era, Differences in schooling between the four different race groups, The 1994 democratic elections, The De Lange commission, Erosion of the culture of learning and teaching (C. O. L. T)and The Soweto uprising in 1979. In all these situational factors that formed the basis of the reforms during the era of education reform from 1976-1994 in South Africa, the 1994 democratic elections were put in place so that everyone had equal opportunity at everything; it was the main â€Å"turn around† point after the period of 1976-1994. I have discussed some of them in detail so that you can get a better understanding of the reforms that took place during the period of 1976-1994. Words: 1024 References 1. http://upetd. up. ac. za/thesis/available/etd-05062008-091259/unrestricted/02chapter2a. pdf 2. http://jae. oxfordjournals. org/content/16/5/849. abstract 3. http://newlearningonline. com/new-learning/chapter-5-learning-personalities/apartheid-education/ 4. http://www. nwu. ac. za/sites/default/files/files/p-saeduc/articles/2009articles/Teksversorg_23nov09_ODAV. pdf 5. http://www. mongabay. com/history/south_africa/south_africa-education_under_apartheid. html

Goffman: Impression Management

February 8, 2013 Impression Management The notion that we see ourselves as an object, as others see us, forms the basis for one of Goffman’s central concepts; impression management. Impression management refers to the verbal and nonverbal practices we employ in an attempt to present an acceptable image of our self to others. Some of the principal ways in which impressions are created and maintained are by the person’s demeanor, the deference, the front, the backstage, the character, and the performer. The demeanor deals with how a person conducts and dresses himself individually.For example, the greetings and salutations we offer others, the disclosure of personal information, the closing or granting of physical space we give others, and countless other acts, if done right can mark an individual as well-demeaned person and thus deserving of the deference only others can give to him. Deference refers to having honor, dignity, and respect towards others. The reciprocal na ture of deference and demeanor is such that maintaining a well-demeaned image allows those present to do likewise as the deference they receive obligates them to confer proper deference in kind.The front is what an individual shows toward others while the backstage is the region of the performance normally unobserved by, and restricted from members of the audience. Meaning that people have there own secrets about themselves that no one knows about. As a character, the self is in reality an image, a managed impression that is fabricated in agreement with others during an encounter. However, when we turn to the self as a performer, we as an individual look to impress or get approval by others by what we do/achieve at something.For example, you’re getting your house ready for when you have guests coming over because you want to make an good impression. The individual as performer is the thinking, fantasizing, dreaming, desiring human being whose capacity to experience pride and shame motivates him or her not only to perform for others but also to take precautions against embarrassment. The process of impression management and social interaction both include a rational and a non-rational dimension in different ways.Merchants of morality is in both of them, it means individuals’ attempts to â€Å"engineer† interaction â€Å"profits† through properly enacted performances, and to live up to the standards of morality by which their performances will be judged. We present ourselves as well-demeaned persons in part because it is in our best interest to do so but, by doing that, we announce our adherence to the moral standards that ritually organize social encounters. In other words, the self is the mask the individual wears in social situations, but it is also the human being behind the mask who decides which mask to wear.

How to Write Your First Screenplay

How to Write Your First Screenplay How to Write Your First Screenplay How to Write Your First Screenplay By Ali Hale Have you ever daydreamed about writing for the big screen? I know I have! Writing a screenplay that gets picked up by Hollywood could see your story reach millions of people – whereas even bestselling novels often only sell in the tens of thousands. Writing a screenplay is very different from writing a short story or a novel, though. There are some specific conventions that you need to know about, in terms of the structure of your story itself, and in terms of how you lay it out on the page. I’m not going to attempt to give you an exhaustive guide in a single blog post – but I’ll take you through all the basics, and give you plenty of links to further reading so you can dig deeper on particular areas of screenwriting that interest you. What’s the Difference Between a Screenplay and a Script? Scripts for plays are laid out slightly differently. They’re designed to be performed live, rather than pre-recorded and shown on a screen. They’ll include stage directions (like â€Å"Exit, stage left† – or Shakespeare’s famous, â€Å"Exit, pursued by a bear†). Screenplays are scripts for something that will be filmed and later â€Å"screened† – shown in the cinema or on TV. They’ll often include instructions for specific shots – e.g. â€Å"CLOSE UP†. Assuming that you’re writing for film, they’ll also have specific length requirements. Coming Up With an Idea for a Screenplay Just as with any type of fiction you write, having a strong idea is essential. Your screenplay should be able to be summed up in a â€Å"logline† – a one-sentence summary of the plot. This logline should include: The protagonist (hero) – e.g. A suburban mother of two. Their goal – e.g. must save her husband The antagonist (villain) or antagonistic force – from a deranged and deadly neighbour. As James Burbridge says, in a great post about constructing a logline: If you can’t write a decent logline of your idea  before  embarking on the script, then maybe reconsider writing that thing. If it’s unfocused and muddled at the loglines stage, it’s not going to get any better as you write. If you’re short of ideas, you might look for inspiration from: Art or music – could something you’ve seen or heard spark off your story? Something you wrote in the past – perhaps you didn’t have enough material for a novel but it would make a great screenplay. A classic story – there have been many, many films based on fairy tales (Disney has probably cornered the market in these!) and Shakespeare. Your idea needs to be something that will take about 100 – 120 minutes to play out on screen. A minute on the screen equates to about one page of script so that means that your screenplay should be between 100 and 120 pages (when laid out with proper formatting, which we’ll come onto in a moment). Planning and Structuring Your Screenplay All writing has structure, and if you’ve written so much as a short story, you’ll know how important it is to have a beginning, middle and end. Screenplays have a more detailed structure, though. You might think this is restrictive – but there’s a lot you can do within this structure, and it’ll help you shape your ideas so your story doesn’t drag. The standard screenplay structure looks like this: Act I – roughly the first 25% of your screenplay. (20 – 30 minutes on the screen.) This is often called the â€Å"setup† – it’s where you introduce your characters and their world and get the story started. Act II – the middle 50% of your screenplay. (Up to an hour on the screen.) This is often called the â€Å"confrontation† – it’s where you complicate the story and the tension rises. Act III – the final 25% of your screenplay. (A final 20 – 30 minutes.) This is often called the â€Å"resolution† – it’s where there’s a confrontation between the protagonist and antagonist (or antagonistic force) and – normally – the protagonist prevails. Within these acts, there are particular points that you’re expected to hit at specific stages: The first turning point: this comes towards the end of Act I, and it changes things. It’s where the protagonist discovers something, or does something, that means nothing will ever be the same. This is what really kicks off the story. For instance, in the story a suburban mother of two must save her husband from a deranged and deadly neighbour, the first turning point might be the neighbour threatening or even attacking the husband. The second turning point: this comes towards the end of the second act. It raises the stakes and moves the story into the third act. For instance, this second turning point might have the neighbour kidnapping one of the children: the mother needs to rescue her child and protect her husband. There are plenty of other â€Å"points† that screenwriters are advised to meet, though you’ll probably find there’s some debate about what exactly these are! There’s a good breakdown of the five-point structure here, which you might want to follow. Laying Out Your Screenplay on the Page Screenplays require a very specific format, which is different from scripts written to be performed on stage. (For instance, these scripts will have character names on the left, with a colon after them, and screenplays have character names centred, with no colon.) For your screenplay, you should use the font Courier New, size 12. Why? Because that way, all scripts fit the same number of lines on a page – making it easy to estimate their run-time from the page count. (Courier is a fixed-width font, so each letter takes up the same amount of space.) Here’s how the first few lines of a script might look: Ive annotated it with some notes about the way in which its laid out. The easiest way to make sure you’re formatting your screenplay correctly is to use specialised software: Final Draft is the industry standard, used by the majority of professional screenwriters but it’s pricy ($249.99). Scrivener can be used to format screenplays (as well as novel manuscripts) – it’s not as specialised as Final Draft, but it’s a lot cheaper ($45). Each of these offer a free trial, so you can give them a try before deciding whether or not to purchase them. Writing a screenplay is no small undertaking – and we’ve only covered the basics of what you need to know. If you want to go further with your screenwriting journey, check out some of these great resources: How to Write a Screenplay, WikiHow While I sometimes find WikiHow’s articles low-quality, this is a great in-depth piece that’s been expertly reviewed and carefully put together. If you want a step by step, very beginner-friendly introduction to writing a screenplay, give it a read! How to Write a Screenplay You Can Sell, Stephanie Palmer, Good in a Room This honest, practical article explains what you need to do to write a good screenplay – from choosing one genre to watching the same movie over and over again to get to grips with structure. If you’re serious about screenwriting, give it a read. How to Write a Screenplay: Script Writing Example Screenwriting Tips, Mario O. Moreno and Kay Tuxford, Writers Store This is a detailed, reassuring article about writing a screenplay, with lots of specific details on layout as well as some helpful tips on length and even on binding and presenting your script. How to Write Your Screenplay in 24 Hours – Advice from a Hollywood Screenwriter and Producer, Dr. Kenneth Atchity, TCKPublishing In this post, you’ll find two really useful resource: precise instructions on what should happen by different points in your screenplay (with page numbers, for a 115 page script), and a nifty way to chart the rising and falling intensity of different scenes in your screenplay. 10 Screenplay Structures That Screenwriters Can Use, Ken Miyamoto, Screencraft If you’d like to look at some different ways to tell a story, going beyond the three-act structure, this post is a great place to begin. Throughout the post, there are examples of each type of structure, with tips on what types of story each one will work best for. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Classes and Types of Phrases15 Types of DocumentsDouble Possessive

Aylitical critique of Post cold war philosophers Fukuyama essays

Aylitical critique of Post cold war philosophers Fukuyama essays The cold war was a time of political and economic insecurities. It was not a battle in the sense of bloodshed but a battle purely of political ideology. It was a battle of political ideas which involved blocs and mini wars fought by the Soviet Unions allies rather than themselves. The United States was politically opposed to a communist ideology and communist influence on third world or less developed countries. These tensions began as early as World War 1, due to the Russians pulling out of the war, and continued to the late 1980s and early 1990s, when a democratic change took over. This time period is considered to be the end of the cold war. There were many articles with differing opinions written at this time. No articles were more notable and risky than Francis Fukuyamas The End of History. Fukuyama stated that history had come to an end in a sense to the emergence of a strong and unbreakable form of western liberal democracy. Fukuyamas ideas will be challenged and also better explained in the following years by other Political Scientists and philosophers such as Huntington, Barber and Sakakibara as just a few to mention. Though Fukuyama has many valid points his article is based purely on speculation. His ideas and Philosophies were so brash and new that he took much criticism but yet still opened up a whole new debate on the future of international politics. The cold war was just at its end. The Soviet Union and communism as a whole was in a bit of a retreat stage. The cold war was beginning to be viewed as the past and liberalism was beginning to be seen as the prevailing and stronger political ideology. The future as with all political struggles was still unsure. Fukuyama boldly stated that liberal democracy will not be superseded by a better or higher form of government. Large ideological battles and debates would be a thing of the past and this would also bring to an end large confli...

Reflective writing on health promotion during nursing clinical Essay

Reflective writing on health promotion during nursing clinical placement - Essay Example This paper employs Gibb’s reflective model to analyses the issue of health promotion while nursing clinical placements. This is because the model is particularly useful in helping people learn from situations that they regularly experience. It follows through a cycle of description, feelings (main), evaluation, conclusion and action (Gibbs 32). The cycle ensures that one does a deep self-analysis. The focus of this paper shall be on health promotion in the course of the placement in the Accident and Emergency (A&E) ward. â€Å"The A&E ward is usually the most action-packed section of a hospital, where things have to be done at a fast rate in order to save lives or relieve patients of their pain† (Jones 10). The A&E ward is the initial point of treatment of patients having severe injuries or illnesses that require immediate medical attention. Patients to the A&E ward are, in most cases, brought in by ambulances when in critical condition, or may come on their own if their condition is not all that bad. Whichever the case, the medical staff at the A&E ward always endeavors to put their best foot forward in treating the patients with the urgency that their injuries or illnesses demand (Jones 10). As such, this ward usually accommodates a patient only for a limited period before they are transformed to other wards in the hospital such as the intensive care unit (ICU). They may also be discharged home if it is safe. The Accident and emergency ward is a quick response ward that demands a wealth of prompt-action skills from the medical personnel (Sbaih 50). Any placement in the ward sharps one’s skills in as far as responding quickly to situations is concerned. Before the placement, one would view and conceptualize the profession as a very calm and slow one, given that it involves dealing with sick individuals. The A&E ward changes that narrow mindset. It opens up a person to the other side of nursing that requires on dropping their slow nature and

Branched Chain Amino Acids and their Effect on Sports Performance Article

Branched Chain Amino Acids and their Effect on Sports Performance - Article Example Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are amino acids whose molecular structure is made up of branched aliphatic side chains. Three amino acids occurring in humans, viz. valine, leucine, and isoleucine, are essential BCAAs. They are essential because they are not synthesized by the body and have to be supplied through diet. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which in turn, are the building blocks of the body. A high proportion of muscle tissue is built of BCAAs. Therefore, these are of high utility in increasing muscle mass, especially for those who undertake strength training. Since BCAAs are essential amino acids, they have to be supplied either through diet or through dietary supplements. All food sources that are rich in proteins have sufficient amounts of BCAAs. Commonly available food sources that are rich in BCAAs include dairy products, eggs, whey, chicken, and meat, especially red meat. During strength training and strenuous exercise, a high amount of BCAAs are broken down and used up. Oxidation of these amino acids occurs in skeletal muscles. Though BCAAs are not used as a source of energy in the body under normal conditions, they do contribute to energy generation during heavy and strenuous exercise. The subsequent breakdown of these amino acids for energy generation during heavy exercise leads to muscle damage and tear. Therefore, restoring them with the help of protein supplements is extremely necessary to make up for the loss of proteins. Innumerable studies have investigated the effects of BCAAs on the performance of athletes.